California CodesCivil Code - CIVDivision 1 — PersonsPart 2 — Personal RightsSection 44

Defamation is effected by either of the following:

(a) Libel.

(b) Slander.

Notes

Defines defamation as taking exactly two forms, libel and slander, and no others. Sets out no elements, defenses, damages, or remedies for either form, so the rules governing libel and slander come from other sections rather than from this one.

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Lexinter.net | California Code, Civil Code - CIV § 44 | https://laws.lexinter.net/codes/california/civil-code/division-1/part-2/section-44

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