California Codes, Civil Code - CIV, Division 3 — Obligations, Part 2 — Contracts, Title 3 — Interpretation of Contracts, Section 1659
Where all the parties who unite in a promise receive some benefit from the consideration, whether past or present, their promise is presumed to be joint and several.
Notes
Establishes a presumption that a promise made jointly by multiple parties is joint and several when every party joining in the promise receives some benefit from the consideration, whether that benefit is past or present. The shared benefit triggers the stated liability presumption.
Use as reference
Lexinter.net | California Code, Civil Code - CIV § 1659 | https://laws.lexinter.net/codes/california/civil-code/division-3/part-2/title-3/section-1659