California Codes, Civil Code - CIV, Division 3 — Obligations, Part 3 — Obligations Imposed by Law, Section 1710
A deceit, within the meaning of the last section, is either:
1. The suggestion, as a fact, of that which is not true, by one who does not believe it to be true;
2. The assertion, as a fact, of that which is not true, by one who has no reasonable ground for believing it to be true;
3. The suppression of a fact, by one who is bound to disclose it, or who gives information of other facts which are likely to mislead for want of communication of that fact; or,
4. A promise, made without any intention of performing it.
Notes
Defines deceit as knowingly suggesting a false fact, asserting a false fact without reasonable grounds for belief, suppressing a fact when disclosure is required or necessary to avoid misleading partial information, or making a promise without intending to perform it. Any of those four forms qualifies as deceit under the referenced liability rule.
Use as reference
Lexinter.net | California Code, Civil Code - CIV § 1710 | https://laws.lexinter.net/codes/california/civil-code/division-3/part-3/section-1710